S/Sx

• fever

• sputum

• cough

 

Because its an infection, sputum gets released. Nerve irritation causes the cough. IL1,6 are responsbile for the fever.

 

Bronchitis: infection of the upper airways themselves

• Streptococcus 40%

• Haemophilus Influenza 30%

• Moraxella 20%

• unknown 10%

 

- acute bronchitis: anyone can get

- chronic bronchitis: smokers often have exacerbation. Part of COPD. 

• Diagnosis

  • CXR will be normal (you are ruling out pneumonia)

• Treatment

  • Amoxicillin

  • Macrolide (2nd line)

  • Amoxicillin / clavulanate: if had recent abx in last few weeks

  • respiratroy FQ

  • 2nd/3rd generation Cephalosporin

 

Pneumonia: infection of the lung tissue

• streptococcus pneumonia: most common

• viral

• mycoplasma pneumonia: youn adults

• chlamydia pneumoniae

• haemophilus influenza

• moraxella pneumoniae

• legionella pneumophilia

• pseudomonas aeruginosa

• staph auerus

• P. jiroveci

• klebsiella

• fungus

 

Pulmonary abscess: focal infection of pulmonary tissue

• anaerobes - 90% (+/- aerobes)

• Risk Factors

  • alcoholics

  • aspiration 

  • poor dentition (anaerobes)

  • intubation

• Diagnosis

  • CXR 

    • wall of abscess with air / fluid level

• Treatment

  • Clindamycin (above the diaphragm abscess)

  • drainage rarely needed